An itchy rash can be surprisingly difficult to ignore.
The sensation often begins as a mild irritation, but quickly demands attention, creating an almost irresistible urge to scratch. While scratching may provide a moment of relief, research shows why it’s really not a good idea as it can worsen inflammation, damage the skin’s protective barrier and prolong the healing process.
Many people find themselves caught in the frustrating itch-scratch cycle, particularly at night when distractions are fewer. The discomfort can affect concentration, sleep and overall wellbeing, turning a seemingly minor skin issue into a persistent annoyance that feels impossible to leave alone.
“Scratching is often pleasurable, which suggests that, in order to have evolved, this behaviour must provide some kind of benefit. Our study helps resolve this paradox by providing evidence that scratching also provides defense against bacterial skin infections” says lead author Daniel Kaplan, Professor of dermatology and immunology at the University of Pittsburgh.
Allergic contact dermatitis is an allergic reaction to allergens or skin irritants leading to an itchy, swollen rash. Succumbing to the often-irresistible urge to scratch triggers further inflammation that worsens symptoms and slows healing.
To figure out what drives this vicious cycle, Kaplan and his team used itch-inducing allergens to induce eczema-like symptoms. They found that scratching reduced the amount of Staphylococcus aureus, the most common bacteria involved in skin infections, on the skin. However Kaplan also found that the damage the scratching does to the skin outweighs the benefit.
There are several ways to help reduce the itch of dermatitis, depending on the cause and severity:
- Keep skin moisturised with a thick, fragrance-free cream or ointment. Dry skin tends to itch more.
- Apply a cool compress for 10–15 minutes to calm inflamed skin and provide temporary relief.
- Use gentle skincare products free from fragrances, dyes and harsh soaps.
- Take lukewarm rather than hot showers, as hot water can strip natural oils and increase irritation.
- Wear loose, breathable fabrics such as cotton and avoid wool or synthetic materials that may aggravate itching.
- Identify and avoid triggers, which may include certain skincare products, detergents, stress, sweat, dust mites or specific foods in some people.
- Manage stress, as stress can worsen itching and trigger flare-ups in some people.
